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- 1 (2015-03-27 (¶â) 17:41:03)
- 2 (2015-03-27 (¶â) 17:56:18)
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Schedule & History †
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Abstract †
- 4/16 Steven Rieder(Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, Groningen) The Clustered Universe
- In this seminar, I will discuss various simulations concerning gravity, applied to structure formation in the Universe (the CosmoGrid simulation) and to star clusters (with AMUSE). The first part concerns CosmoGrid, a high-resolution LambdaCDM simulation, which we ran in parallel over multiple supercomputers, including one in Japan and one in the Netherlands. With CosmoGrid, I study the formation and environment of dark matter haloes in voids. In the second part, I will discuss AMUSE, a framework that enables the combination of various simulation codes like gravitational dynamics and stellar evolution. I use it to perform simulations of star clusters within an evolving environment, such as a dark matter halo or a forming disk galaxy, and study their disruption as a function of environment.
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- 6/4 ÊÒ²¬ ¾Ï²í¡Ê¹ñΩŷʸÂæÍýÏÀÉô¡ËPlanetesimal Formation via Fluffy Dust Aggregates
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- 7/2 ·´ ÏÂÈÏ¡ÊKEK¡ËHow to distinguish large field Inflation models after BICEP2
- I would like to give a talk on a variety of large field inflation models which can fit the observational data recently-reported by BICEP2. Next I will discuss how to distinguish those models by using future cosmological 21cm fluctuation and CMB B-mode polarization observations. I will give a talk on a corresponding introduction of inflationary cosmology at the first half of my talk.
- 7/9 ¿¢ÅÄ ÌÌé (Univ. of Denver) Herschel Planetary Nebula Survey (HerPlaNS)
- ¥Ï¡¼¥·¥§¥ë±§Ãè˾±ó¶À¤Ï¥è¡¼¥í¥Ã¥Ñ±§Ã赡´Ø¡ÊESA¡Ë¤¬ÂǾ夲¡¢±¿ÍѤ·¤¿±óÀÖ³°ÇÈĹ°è¤Ç3.5m¤È¤¤¤¦Âç¸ý·Â´Ñ¬¤ò²Äǽ¤Ë¤·¤¿¥ß¥Ã¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£²æ¡¹¤Î¸¦µæ¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¥Ï¡¼¥·¥§¥ë¤Î¹â¶õ´Öʬ»¶Ç½¤È¸º¿ê¤¬µ¯¤³¤ê¤Ë¤¯¤¤±óÀÖ³°Àþ¤ÎÀ¼Á¤òºÇÂç¸Â¤ËÍøÍѤ·¤Æ11¸Ä¤ÎÏÇÀ±¾õÀ±±À¤Î¥µ¡¼¥Ù¥¤¤ò¹Ô¤¤¡¢ÏÇÀ±¾õÀ±±À¤Î¤¤¤ï¤æ¤ëµ±ÀþÀ±±ÀÉôʬ¤è¤ê¤â³°Â¦¤ÎÎΰè¤Ç¡¢Äã²¹¥À¥¹¥È¤ÎϢ³Àþ¡¢ÅÅÎ¥¡¦ÃæÀ¥¬¥¹¤ÎÈùºÙ¹½Â¤Àþ¡¢Ê¬»Ò¥¬¥¹¤Î²óžÁ«°Üµ±Àþ¤Î¶õ´ÖʬÉÛ¤òÄ´¤Ù¤¿¡£ÆÀ¤é¤ì¤¿¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤«¤é¡¢¥À¥¹¥È¡¢ÅÅÎ¥¥¬¥¹¡¢ÃæÀ¥¬¥¹¡¢Ê¬»Ò¥¬¥¹¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¶õ´ÖʬÉÛ¤òƳ¤¡¢¶õ´Öʬ²ò¤·¤¿¥¬¥¹¡¦¥À¥¹¥È¤Î¼ÁÎÌÈæ¤ò´Ñ¬Ū¤Ëµá¤á¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¡¢¥¬¥¹¤«¥À¥¹¥È¤Î¤É¤Á¤é¤«¤ò´Ñ¬¤·¤Æ¥¬¥¹¡¦¥À¥¹¥ÈÈæ¤Ç¥¹¥±¡¼¥ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤â¤¦°ìÊý¤ÎÎ̤ò·è¤á¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦°ìÈÌŪ¤Ë¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¼êË¡¤Î¸¡¾Ú¤ò»î¤ß¤¿¡£¤Þ¤¿¡¢ÏÇÀ±¾õÀ±±ÀÆâ¤Ç½é¤á¤Æ¤È¤¤¤¦Ê¬»Ò¥¤¥ª¥óOH+¤Îȯ¸«¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤â¥ì¥Ý¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¡£
- 7/16 Ê¡Åç ÅлÖÉ× (NAOJ) Analytical computation of generalized Fermi-Dirac integrals by truncated Sommerfeld expansions
- For the generalized Fermi-Dirac integrals, $F_k(\eta,\beta)$, of orders $k=-$1/2, 1/2, 3/2, and 5/2, we explicitly obtained the first 11 terms of their Sommerfeld expansions. The main terms of the last three orders are rewritten so as to avoid the cancellation problem. If $\eta$ is not so small, say not less than 13.5, 12.0, 10.9, and 9.9 when $k=-1/2$, $1/2$, $3/2$, and $5/2$, respectively, the first 8 terms of the expansion assure the single precision accuracy for arbitrary value of $\beta$. Similarly, the 15-digits accuracy is achieved by the 11 terms expansion if $\eta$ is greater than 36.8, 31.6, 30.7, and 26.6 when $k=-1/2$, $1/2$, $3/2$, and $5/2$, respectively. Since the truncated expansions are analytically given in a closed form, their computational time is sufficiently small, say at most 4.9 and 6.7 times that of the integrand evaluation for the 8- and 11-terms expansions, respectively. When $\eta$ is larger than a certain threshold value as indicated, these appropriately-truncated Sommerfeld expansions provide a factor of 10-80 acceleration of the computation of the generalized Fermi-Dirac integrals when compared with the direct numerical quadrature.
- 7/23 ºØÆ£ µ®Ç· (ELSI) ¿·¤·¤¤ SPH Ë¡¤ÎÄê¼°²½¤È¤½¤Î±þÍÑ
- Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) Ë¡¤Ï°µ½ÌÀήÂΤοôÃͲòË¡¤Î°ì¤Ä¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£¥é¥°¥é¥ó¥¸¥åË¡¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤¿¤á¡¢¤³¤ì¤Þ¤Ç¶ä²Ï·ÁÀ®¤äÀ±·ÁÀ®¤Ê¤Éŷʸ³Ø¤ÎʬÌî¤Ç¹¤¯¤â¤Á¤¤¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¿¡£¤·¤«¤·¶áǯ¡¢½¾Íè¤Î SPH Ë¡¤Ç¤Ï¡¢ÀÜ¿¨ÉÔϢ³Ì̤ò°·¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤º¡¢¤½¤Î·ë²ÌήÂÎÉÔ°ÂÄêÀ¤òÍÞÀ©¤·¡¢Àµ¤·¤¯¤Ê¤¤·ë²Ì¤ò½Ð¤¹¤³¤È¤¬»ØŦ¤µ¤ì¤¿(Agertz+2007 ¤Ê¤É)¡£¤³¤Î¸¶°ø¤Ï¡¢½¾Íè¤Î SPH Ë¡¤Ç¤Ï¡¢Ì©ÅÙ¤ÎÈùʬ²ÄǽÀ¤ò²¾Äꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤é¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£°µÎϤ¬°ìÄê¤ÎÀÜ¿¨ÉÔϢ³Ì̤Ǥϡ¢Ì©ÅÙ¤¬ÉÔϢ³¤ËÊѲ½¤¹¤ë¡£¤½¤Î¤¿¤á¡¢Ì©ÅÙ¤ÎÈùʬ²ÄǽÀ¤ò²¾Äꤷ¤¿Äê¼°²½¤Ç¤Ï¡¢Ì©ÅÙ¿äÄê¤Ë¥¨¥é¡¼¤¬È¯À¸¤·¡¢¤½¤ì¤¬°µÎϸûÇۤʤɤοäÄê¤ËÇȵڤ¹¤ë¡£°µÎϸûÇۤΥ¨¥é¡¼¤ÏÈóʪÍýŪɽÌÌÄ¥ÎϤȤ·¤ÆƯ¤¡¢Î®ÂÎÉÔ°ÂÄêÀ¤Îȯã¤òÁ˳²¤¹¤ë¡£¤½¤³¤Ç²æ¡¹¤Ï¡¢Ì©ÅÙ¤ÎÂå¤ï¤ê¤Ë°µÎϤòÍѤ¤¤¿¿·¤·¤¤ SPH (Density Independent SPH¡¢°Ê²¼DISPH)Ë¡¤ÎÄê¼°²½¤ò¹Ô¤Ã¤¿¡£°µÎϤòÍѤ¤¤ÆÄê¼°²½¤ò¹Ô¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¿¤á¡¢ÀÜ¿¨ÉÔϢ³Ì̤ˤª¤¤¤ÆÈóʪÍýŪ¤ÊɽÌÌÄ¥ÎϤϸ½¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£°ì¼¡¸µ¾×·âÇÈ´ÉÌäÂê¡¢Æ󼡸µÀſ尵ʿ¹ÕήÂÎÌäÂê¡¢Æ󼡸µ¥±¥ë¥Ó¥ó=¥Ø¥ë¥à¥Û¥ë¥Ä¤ª¤è¤Ó¥ì¥¤¥ê¡¼¡á¥Æ¥¤¥é¡¼ÉÔ°ÂÄêÀÌäÂê¡¢»°¼¡¸µµåÂоÎÇúȯÌäÂê¤Ê¤É¤Îɸ½àŪ¤Ê¥Æ¥¹¥È¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ DISPH ¤Ï½¾Íè¤Î SPH ¤è¤êÎɤ¤·ë²Ì¤ò¼¨¤·¤¿¡£DISPH Ë¡¤Ï½¾Íè¤Î SPH Ë¡¤ËÊѤï¤ë¿·¤·¤¤É¸½à¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤È´üÂÔ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£È¯É½¤Ç¤Ï¡¢DISPH Ë¡¤ò¤µ¤é¤Ë°ìÈ̲½¤µ¤»¤¿Äê¼°²½¤ä¡¢ÃϵåÏÇÀ±²Ê³Ø¤ÎʬÌî¤Ø¤Î±þÍѤˤĤ¤¤Æ¤â¿¨¤ì¤¿¤¤¡£
- 10/1 ÁÄë ¸µ (ÍýÏÀÉô) ÃæÀ»ÒÀ±´Ñ¬¤È¾õÂÖÊýÄø¼°
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- 10/8 ĹëÀî¡¡Ì÷¹É (ÍýÏÀÉô) Planet formation in inhomogeneous protoplanetary disks
- One of the most fundamental questions in theories of planet formation is how planets form out of protoplanetary disks. As shown by many previous studies, planetary migration, that arises from resonant, tidal interactions between protoplanets and the natal disks, jeopardizes the existence of any planetary system around the central stars. In this talk, I will present all the key results of my recent work, wherein planet traps - specific sites in protoplanetary disks at which planets undergoing rapid type I migration are captured - play a crucial role. We will discuss how disk inhomogeneities, one of the general properties of planetary disks, give rise to planet traps and how planet traps affect the formation and evolution of planetary systems. Comparisons with a large number of observed exoplanets enable us to verify our picture of planet formation based on planet traps.
- 10/15 Turner, Edwin Lewis (Princeton Univ.) Tidally Heated ExoMoons (THEM): Theory, Observational Prospects & Astrobiological Possibilities
- Tidally heated exomoons (THEM) can plausibly be far more luminous than their host exoplanet and can shine brightly at arbitrarily large separations from the system's stellar primary with temperatures of several hundreds degrees Kelvin or higher. Furthermore, these temperatures can occur in systems that are billions of years old. THEM may thus be far easier targets for direct imaging studies than giant exoplanets, which must be both young and at a large projected separation for detection with current and near future facilities. If THEM exist and are sufficiently common, it may well be far easier to directly image an exomoon with surface conditions that allow the existence of liquid water than it will be to resolve an Earth-like planet in the classical Habitable Zone of its primary.
- 10/22 ²ÃÆ£ ¹±É§ (CfCA) ¹â¥Þ¥Ã¥Ï¿ô¤Î½àÊ¿¹Ô¾×·âÇȤǤÎÍÛ»Ò¤ÈÅŻҤβî
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- 10/24 Keiichi Kodaira (JSPS Bonn Liaison Office)¡¡A Review: Conspiracy between dark-matter and matter in galaxy evolution
- Selected works are reviewed which are related to the unknown interaction ("conspiracy") between dark-matter and matter in galaxy evolution. Starting from 1970's when optical and radio observation yielded "luminosity- velocity relations" to the decades of 1990's-2000's when SDSS data and X-ray data became available, the accumulating data suggest that some kinds of unknown "physical processes" must be acting to make matching between the dark-matter halo and the global structures of the imbedded matter galaxy. $(Q#| Since the dark-matter halos and the galaxy stellar systems can be regarded as particle ensembles, the phase-space-density distributions might play an important role. Recent large scale simulations in the LCDM universe produced model universe following their evolution from high z through z=0. The behavior of the dark-matter halos without dissipative processes shows common characteristics, as are indicated in the simulations in the Millennium Project / the Aquarius Project. The trials to include dissipative processes among baryons leading to the formation of the observable galaxies involve complex physical-chemical processes like star formation & evolution, and AGN phenomena, including energy / momentum / chemical elements feed- backs, and, so far, they have to invoke some kind of empirical, phenomenological treatments, by adjusting the values of the assumed parameters so that the resulting abundance and relations match to the observed ones. Facing with the high complexity of the involved processes, one may be inclined to adopt a working hypothesis that the nature of the "conspiracy" might be a kind of systemic (collective) influence of the dark-matter halo upon the evolution of the baryon system imbedded in it.
- 10/29ÇϾì½ß°ì (ELSI) ¥·¥ß¥å¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Çõ¤ë¶ä²Ï±²´¬¹½Â¤¤Èʬ»Ò±À·ÁÀ®
- ±ßÈ׶ä²Ï¤ÎɽÌ̤˸ºß¤¹¤ë±²¾õÏÓ¹½Â¤¤ÎÀµÂΤϡ¤É¸½àŪ¤Ë¤Ï¡ÖÌ©ÅÙÇȡפȤ¤¤¦½àÄê¾ï¤ÊÇÈÆ°¸½¾Ý¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È²ò¼á¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë(½àÄê¾ïÌ©ÅÙÇȲ¾Àâ)¡¥½àÄê¾ïÌ©ÅÙÇȲ¾Àâ¤Ï1960 ǯÂå¤ËLin & Shu ¤Ë¤è¤êÄ󾧤µ¤ì¡¤ ¤½¤Î¸å°ìÄê¤Î»Ù»ý¤òÆÀ¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤â¤Î¤Î¡¤Àþ·ÁÀ¤äÄê¾ïÀ¤¬²¾Äꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¤¸½¼Â¤Î±²´¬¤¶ä²Ï¤ËŬÍѤǤ¤ë¤«¤Ï¼«ÌÀ¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡¥ ¤³¤ì¤Þ¤Ç»ä¤Ï¡¤£³¼¡¸µ¹âʬ²òǽNÂΡÜ¿ÁêÀ±´Ö¥¬¥¹¥·¥ß¥å¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò¹Ô¤¤¤Æ¡¤ ±²¾õÏÓ¹½Â¤¤Î¥À¥¤¥Ê¥ß¥¯¥¹¤ä°Ý»ýµ¡¹½¤òÄ´¤Ù¤Æ¤¤¿ (Baba et al. 2009; Fujii, Baba et al. 2011; Baba et al. 2013)¡¥ Æä˥С¼¤Î¤Ê¤¤±²´¬¶ä²Ï (multiple spiral) ¤ËÃåÌܤ·¡¤¹±À±·Ï±²¾õÏÓ¤Ï (1) ¶ä²Ï²óž¤Ë±è¤¦º¹Æ°²óž¤ò¹Ô¤¤´¬¤¹þ¤Þ¤ì¤Ê¤¬¤é¡¤ (2)¶ä²Ï²óžÄøÅ٤λþ´Ö¼ÜÅ٤ǹçÂΡ¤Ê¬Îö¤Ë¤è¤ëÊÑÆ°¤¹¤ë¥À¥¤¥Ê¥ß¥Ã¥¯¤ÊÈóÀþ·Á¹½Â¤¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¤ (3) ±²¾õÏӤˤè¤ê»¶Í𤵤줿À±¤Ï¥é¥ó¥À¥à¥¨¥Í¥ë¥®¡¼¤ò¤¢¤Þ¤êÆÀ¤ë¤³¤È¤Ê¤¯ ¾¤ÎȾ·Â¤Ë°ÜÆ° (radial migration) ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç±²¾õÏÓ¤ÏĹ»þ´Ö°Ý»ý¤µ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤Ê¤É¤ò¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¿¡¥ ¤·¤«¤·¡¤Å·¤ÎÀî¶ä²Ï¤ò´Þ¤á¿¤¯¤Î±²´¬¶ä²Ï¤ÏÃæ¿´¤ËËÀ¾õ¹½Â¤(¥Ð¡¼)¤ò¤â¤Á¡¤±ßÈ×Éô¤Î±²¾õÏӤΥÀ¥¤¥Ê¥ß¥¯¥¹¤ËÍ¿¤¨¤ë ±Æ¶Á¤Ï̵»ë¤Ç¤¤Ê¤¤¤È¹Í¤¨¤é¤ì¤ë¡¥ Ëܸ¦µæ¤Ç¤Ï¡¤£³¼¡¸µ¹âʬ²òǽNÂΡÜ¿ÁêÀ±´Ö¥¬¥¹¥·¥ß¥å¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ¡¤ËÀ¾õ±²´¬¶ä²Ï¤Î¹±À±·Ï±²¾õÏӤΠ¥À¥¤¥Ê¥ß¥¯¥¹¤äÀ±´Ö¥¬¥¹¤Î¿¶¤ëÉñ¤¤¤òÄ´¤Ù¤¿¡¥ ¤½¤Î·ë²Ì¡¤multiple spiral¤È¤Ï°Û¤Ê¤ê¡¤¥Ð¡¼¤Î±Æ¶Á¤Ç±²¾õÏӤ϶ä²Ï²óž¤è¤ê¤â®¤¤³Ñ®Å٤Dz󞤹¤ë¤â¤Î¤Î¡¤ ¶ä²Ïº¹Æ°²óž¤Ë¤è¤ê´¬¤¹þ¤ß¤Î±Æ¶Á¤ò¼õ¤±¤Ê¤¬¤é¿Ê²½¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤ï¤«¤Ã¤¿¡¥¤Þ¤¿¡¤¥Ð¡¼¤È¥¹¥Ñ¥¤¥é¥ë¤ÎÁê¸ßºîÍѤˤè¤ê¥¹¥Ñ¥¤¥é¥ë¤¬200Myr¤Î¼þ´üÀ¤ò¤â¤Á·ÁÀ®Ç˲õ¤ò·«¤êÊÖ¤¹¤È¤¤¤¦¸½¾Ý¤â¸«¤é¤ì¤¿¡¥Ëֱܹé¤Ç¤Ï¤³¤ì¤é¤ÎºÇ¶á¤ÎÀ®²Ì¤ò¾Ò²ð¤¹¤ë¡¥¤Þ¤¿¡¤»þ´Ö¤¬¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¤±²¾õÏÓ¤ä¥Ð¡¼Îΰè¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ëʬ»Ò±À¤Î·ÁÀ®¿Ê²½¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë·ë²Ì¤ò¾Ò²ð¤¹¤ë¡¥
- 11/05 Ralph Pudritz (McMaster) From Filaments to Stars: A New Paradigm for Star Formation
- Filamentary structure is ubiquitous on multiple scales in molecular clouds. Observations with the Herschel observatory indicate that it is closely connected with star formation. I will discuss some of the significant advances that have occurred in our understanding of the formation, structure, and evolution of filaments and their links with star formation. I will first address some basic ideas of the structure and stability of equilibrium models of filaments including the role of gravity, turbulence, and magnetic fields. Simulations of turbulent clouds emphasize the highly dynamical aspects of filament formation including accretion flows onto and along filaments, the creation of cluster forming regions at filament nodes, and the combination of dynamical fragmentation and filamentary flow that leads to the formation of individual stars and disks. Finally I'll review some of our recent results on how filamentary structure affects radiative feedback from massive stars and the formation of star clusters. Filaments, it appears, offer some important new insights on how star formation occurs and is controlled.
- 11/13 Kenneth C. Wong (ASIAA EACOA Fellow)¡¡Strong Gravitational Lensing as a Probe of Galaxy Evolution and Cosmology
- Strong gravitational lens galaxies present a unique opportunity to study galaxy evolution and cosmology. By constructing a mass model of the lens galaxy that can reproduce the observed lensing configuration, it is possible to constrain the structural properties of the galaxy. Furthermore, lensed quasars with a measured time delay can be used to constrain cosmological parameters, independent of other probes such as supernovae, CMB observations, and BAOs. Most of the lens galaxies discovered to date have been at relatively low redshift (z~0.3) with very few discovered at z > 1. I present the discovery of a lens galaxy at z = 1.62, making it the most distant lens galaxy known. Analysis of this system shows that it is a compact early-type galaxy with an IMF more consistent with Chabrier than Salpeter, in contrast to results for similar galaxies at low redshift. I also present results from the H0LiCOW project, which aims to accurately model five time-delay lenses to get an accurate determination of the Hubble constant. In particular, correcting for biases introduced by line-of-sight structures projected near the lens galaxy is a key systematic that needs to be overcome. I present a new method for accurately and efficiently characterizing these effects, which accounts for the most significant perturbers explicitly while treating the majority of the perturbers with an approximation that greatly reduces the necessary computations.
- 11/19 Ali Rahmati (Univ of Zurich) Simulating the cosmic distribution of neutral hydrogen and its connection with galaxies
- Modern state-of-the-art cosmological simulations of galaxy formation have become indispensable tools for probing the main processes that shape the formation and evolution of galaxies. Therefore, they can be used to learn about the cycle of gas in galactic ecosystems. In this context, I will talk about the distribution of neutral hydrogen and metal absorbers in cosmological simulations and the physical conditions they are representing. In addition to comparing the predictions from simulations with observations, I will discuss the inferences we can obtain from cosmological simulations to better understand the distribution of gas in and around galaxies.
- 11/26 Ramon Brasser (ELSI) Tilting Saturn without tilting Jupiter: Constraints on giant planet migration
- The migration and encounter histories of the giant planets in our Solar System can be constrained by the obliquities of Jupiter and Saturn. We have performed many N-body simulations of the evolution of the outer Solar System containing the giant planets and a disc of planetesimals to study the expected final obliquity distribution of the gas giants. The initial conditions resembled those of the smooth migration model of Hahn & Malhotra, the resonant Nice model or Morbidelli et al. and two models with five giant planets in resonance initially. We find that all models have a similar probability to reproduce the current orbital properties of the giant planets while only two of these are able to reproduce the current obliquities of the gas giants, though with a small probability.
- 12/03 Nanase Harada(ASIAA) Molecules in Galactic Centers
- Composition of different molecular species has been used to determine physical conditions of molecular gas in many of galactic star-forming regions. Recently, the early science of ALMA has shown the ability to observe molecular lines of variety of species even in extragalatic sources. In galactic centers, molecular abundances can be affected by X-rays from active galactic nuclei (AGNs), UV-photons from nuclear starbursts, cosmic rays from supernovae, or shock waves from outflows. In this talk, I will discuss how molecular abundances of different species in an AGN-containing galaxy can be affected by different mechanisms according to the chemical models. Next, I will move onto the circumnuclear disk at the center of Milky Way within a few-parsec from the central black hole Sgr A*. By combining chemical models and line surveys taken by IRAM 30-meter telescope and APEX telescope, I will present how energetic particles such as cosmic rays in the Galactic Center can affect the chemical compositions.
- 12/12 Felipe Alves (MPE) Magnetic fields in star-forming regions: from molecular clouds to cores
- Magnetic fields affect the dynamics of the interstellar medium across a¡¡wide range of physical scales. Large-scale magnetic fields in molecular clouds, filaments and Infrared Dark Clouds are crucial ingredients on the formation of low- and high-mass star-forming regions. In this talk, I will present recent results of multi-wavelength polarimetric observations of molecular clouds and cores. Most of this research was performed toward the Pipe nebula, a suitable laboratory for early star-formation studies. Our studies reveal that starless cores have a polarimetric regime affected by the absence of internal heating, which is predicted by models of dust grain alignment. The multi-wavelength data resolves the magnetic field structure toward both starless cores and their halos, and they reveal the dynamical state of the cloud through the structure function of the position angles and the B-field strength estimations. Complementary science obtained with molecular line data reveal the chemistry and kinematics of the Pipe cores and are tentatively combined with the polarization. Ongoing and future projects focused on SMA and ALMA will be also discussed.
- 12/15 Josep Miquel Girart (CSIC-IEEC) A decade of polarization observations with the Submillimeter Array: Magnetic fields in the earliest and last stages of stellar evolution
- The magnetic field appears to be an essential ingredient in the star formation process. The dynamical evolution of the molecular clouds, including the formation of the filamentary structures and of the dense cores is thought to be controlled by magnetic fields and interstellar MHD turbulence. During the gravitational collapse of the dense cores, the influence of magnetic fields will determine the fragmentation level and how and when protoplanetary disks are formed around these stars. The magnetic fields also appears to play an essential role in the launching mechanism of jets. Moreover, during their last stages of evolution, stars with < 8 Msun show structures and physical processes that strongly resembles those of young stellar objects: high-velocity jets, tori/disks, all surrounded by a thick circumstellar envelope, which indicate that magnetic fields also play a important at these stages. In this talk, I will review the contribution of the polarimetric SMA observations in the study of magnetic fields in these processes.
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- 2/04 Ê¿µïͪ¡ÊÅìµþÂç/ÍýÏÀÉô¡ËOrigin of the r-process elements in galactic chemodynamical evolution model
- Astrophysical site(s) of r-process has not been identified yet. Promising site(s) of r- process are core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) and neutron-star mergers (NSMs). Recent hydrodynamical simulations have shown that r-process elements heavier than 110 of mass number are difficult to synthesize by CCSNe. On the other hand, several studies reported that NSMs can synthesize these elements due to their environment of low electron fraction. Chemical evolution studies of the Milky Way (MW) halo without dynamical evolution have, however, shown that NSMs are difficult to reproduce observed r-process abundance ratio, such as [Eu/Fe] of metal-poor stars due to their low rate (~10^{-6}-10^{-3}/yr for a MW size galaxy) and long delay time (>~ 100 Myr). In this talk, we performed a series of simulations using an N-body/smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) code, ASURA. We have constructed detailed chemo-dynamical evolution model of dSphs assuming NSMs are a major site of r-process. Our models successfully reproduce observed [Eu/Fe] by NSMs with delay time of 100 Myr as well as chemo-dynamical properties of observed local group dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) such as time variation of star formation rates, metallicity distribution, and mass-metallicity relation. We find that metal mixing in star-forming region is important physical process to reproduce [Eu/Fe] of metal-poor stars in dSphs. In addition, we find star formation rate in early epoch (< 1 Gyr) of galaxy evolution needs to be 10^{-4} Msun/yr. The minimum delay time of NSMs and the Galactic NSM rate are constrained to be < 500 Myr and ~10^{-4}/yr. This study strongly supports that NSMs can be the major site of r-process.
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- 3/13 Man Hoi Lee¡ÊThe University of Hong Kong¡ËThe Puzzle of the Pluto Satellite System
- The dwarf planet Pluto has a fascinating satellite system with five known members: Charon, Styx, Nix, Keberos, and Hydra. The innermostsatellite Charon is about 1/8 as massive as Pluto, and the Pluto-Charon system is in a dual synchronous state, which is the endpoint of tidal evolution. The orbits of the four small satellites are nearly circular and coplanar with Charon's orbit, with orbital periods nearly in the ratios 1:3:4:5:6. These properties suggest that the small satellites were debris from the same impact event that placed Charon in orbit and had been pushed to their current positions by being locked in orbital resonances with Charon as Charon's orbit was expanded by tidal interactions with Pluto. I will discuss the tidal evolution of Pluto-Charon and show that the placing of the small satellites at their current orbital positions by resonant transport is unlikely. I will also discuss some alternative scenarios for the origin of the small satellites.